Study Explains Why Walking Becomes More Difficult with Age

New research from Flinders University and the University of Canberra provides insights into why walking becomes slower and more tiring as people age. The study suggests that as individuals grow older, their bodies adopt a 'safety-first' walking strategy, which prioritizes stability over speed and energy efficiency. This shift helps explain why older adults may tire more quickly and face a higher risk of falls.

The researchers analyzed movement data from 107 healthy adults aged 26 to 86. They found that aging is associated with changes in how the ankle and nearby muscles manage each step. Dr. Cody Lindsay, the lead author, explains that older adults are more likely to activate opposing muscles around the ankle simultaneously, a pattern known as co-contraction. This makes the ankle joint stiffer, improving stability but requiring more effort to walk.

The study also found that older participants generated less push-off power with each step, resulting in shorter strides and slower walking speeds. Associate Professor Maarten Immink noted that these changes reflect a broader shift in how the nervous system manages movement, favoring stability over performance. This can lead to increased fatigue and difficulty walking longer distances, as well as a reduced ability to recover from trips or slips.

The findings suggest that exercise programs for older adults should focus on balance and coordination, in addition to strength. Dr. Lindsay recommends regular physical activity, balance exercises like tai chi, and lower-leg strengthening to help maintain mobility and independence. These strategies could contribute to improved prevention and rehabilitation efforts to reduce falls and support healthy aging.